{"id":20302,"date":"2024-08-02T09:48:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T07:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/?p=20302"},"modified":"2025-08-25T11:50:21","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T09:50:21","slug":"comandos-sql-listado-completo-conceptos-basicos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/comandos-sql-listado-completo-conceptos-basicos\/","title":{"rendered":"Comandos SQL: Listado completo y conceptos b\u00e1sicos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SQL o Lenguaje de Consultas Estructurado, es un lenguaje de programaci\u00f3n dise\u00f1ado por IBM, es el m\u00e1s usado para las bases de datos relacionales y se ha convertido b\u00e1sicamente en un est\u00e1ndar. Con SQL puedes crear bases de datos, gestionarlas y realizar consultas. En este art\u00edculo veremos unos conceptos b\u00e1sicos y el<strong> listado completo de comandos SQL<\/strong>. \u00a1Comenzamos!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipos de instrucciones<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SQL se divide en <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/lucid-plexus\/exploring-the-different-sub-languages-in-sql-bf42709c6bba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cuatro sublenguajes<\/a> seg\u00fan su finalidad, DDL, DCL, DML y DQL.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"431\" src=\"https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/rubaitul-azad-Y9kOsyoWyaU-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"Comandos SQL: Listado completo y conceptos b\u00e1sicos\" class=\"wp-image-20307\" style=\"width:357px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/rubaitul-azad-Y9kOsyoWyaU-unsplash.jpg 640w, https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/rubaitul-azad-Y9kOsyoWyaU-unsplash-300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DDL<\/strong>: En primer lugar, Data Definition Language, o Lenguaje de Definici\u00f3n de Datos, es el lenguaje con el que se definen las estructuras que almacenan los datos. Es decir, se definen las creaciones, modificaciones y eliminaciones de tablas, bases de datos, vistas&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DCL:<\/strong> El Data Control Language, o Lenguaje de Control de Datos permite al administrador controlar los permisos de acceso a los objetos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DML:<\/strong> Data Manipulation Language, o Lenguaje de Manipulaci\u00f3n de Datos. Este es el lenguaje que permite introducir, modificar y borrar datos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DQL:<\/strong> Finalmente, el Data Query Language o Lenguaje de Consultas de datos, permite al usuario realizar consultas a la base de datos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operadores<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para completar nuestros <strong>comandos SQL<\/strong>, podemos hacer uso de los siguientes operadores:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operadores L\u00f3gicos <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AND: <\/strong>Devuelve true solo si ambas condiciones son ciertas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OR:<\/strong> Devuelve true si alguna de las dos condiciones es cierta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NOT:<\/strong> Negaci\u00f3n. Devuelve el valor contrario de la expresi\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operadores de comparaci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&lt;<\/strong> : Menor que<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&gt;<\/strong>: Mayor que<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&lt;&gt;<\/strong> : Distinto de<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&lt;=<\/strong> : Menor o igual que<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&gt;=<\/strong> : Mayor o igual que<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BETWEEN<\/strong>: Intervalo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LIKE<\/strong>: Comparaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IN<\/strong>: Especificaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DISTINCT<\/strong>: Eliminar duplicados<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IS NULL:<\/strong> Comprueba si tiene valor nulo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"581\" src=\"https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Default_a_computer_with_sql_commands_3-1-1024x581.jpg\" alt=\"Comandos SQL: Listado completo y conceptos b\u00e1sicos\" class=\"wp-image-20309\" style=\"width:652px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Default_a_computer_with_sql_commands_3-1-1024x581.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Default_a_computer_with_sql_commands_3-1-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Default_a_computer_with_sql_commands_3-1-768x436.jpg 768w, https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Default_a_computer_with_sql_commands_3-1.jpg 1184w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Funciones de agregado<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas se usan dentro de una sentencia SELECT, se usan en grupo y devuelven un \u00fanico valor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AVG<\/strong>: Para calcular el valor promedio.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>COUNT<\/strong>: Cuenta el n\u00famero de registros.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SUM<\/strong>: Suma los valores.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MAX<\/strong>: Devuelve el m\u00e1ximo de los valores.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MIN<\/strong>: Devuelve el m\u00ednimo de los valores.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comandos SQL: Listado completo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aqu\u00ed tienes el <strong>listado completo de comandos SQL<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SELECT<\/strong>: Permite definir que datos quieres recibir de la consulta.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SELECT *:<\/strong> Seleccionar todos los datos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SELECT INTO<\/strong>: Copiar valores en otra tabla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SELECT TOP X<\/strong>: Selecciona el X porcentaje superior de la tabla. Por ejemplo, SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT * FROM Empleados.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SELECT DISTINCT<\/strong>: Selecciona los valores sin duplicados.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT Nombre, Apellido, Salario \nFROM Empleados;\n\nSELECT * \nFROM Empleados;\n\nSELECT Nombre, Apellido, Salario \nINTO EmpleadosCopia\nFROM Empleados;\n\nSELECT TOP 50 PERCENT * \nFROM Empleados;\n\nSELECT DISTINCT DepartamentoID \nFROM Empleados;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AS<\/strong>: Renombra las tablas o columnas con un alias.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT Nombre AS PrimerNombre, Apellido AS SegundoNombre \nFROM Empleados AS E;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FROM<\/strong>: Especifica la tabla o tablas sobre la que queremos hacer la consulta. En caso de seleccionar m\u00e1s de una tabla, se deben relacionar. Por ejemplo:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT nombre, departamento\nFROM empleados, departamentos\nWHERE empleados.id_dept = departamentos.id;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>WHERE<\/strong>: Para definir los filtros de la consulta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * \nFROM Empleados \nWHERE Salario &gt; 60000;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CREATE<\/strong>: Para crear bases de datos, tablas, vistas o \u00edndices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CREATE TABLE Proyectos (\n    ProyectoID int NOT NULL,\n    NombreProyecto varchar(255) NOT NULL,\n    EmpleadoID int,\n    FechaInicio date,\n    CONSTRAINT PK_Proyectos PRIMARY KEY (ProyectoID)\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DROP<\/strong>: Para eliminar bases de datos, tablas o \u00edndices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>DROP TABLE Proyectos;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UPDATE<\/strong>: Para alterar los datos de la tabla.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>UPDATE Empleados \nSET Salario = Salario * 1.10 \nWHERE DepartamentoID = 1;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DELETE<\/strong>: Para eliminar los datos de la tabla.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>DELETE FROM Empleados \nWHERE EmpleadoID = 5;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ALTER TABLE<\/strong>: Permite a\u00f1adir o eliminar columnas en una tabla.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ALTER TABLE Empleados \nADD FechaContratacion date;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RENAME<\/strong>: Permite renombrar un objeto existente de la base de datos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ALTER TABLE Empleados \nRENAME TO Personal;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LOCK<\/strong>: Impide consultas y cambios en un objeto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>LOCK TABLES Empleados WRITE;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>GROUP BY<\/strong>: Define en base a que se agrupan los datos en las funciones de agregaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT DepartamentoID, AVG(Salario) AS SalarioPromedio \nFROM Empleados \nGROUP BY DepartamentoID;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>HAVING<\/strong>: Del mismo modo que WHERE, define los filtros de la consulta en funciones de agregaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT DepartamentoID, AVG(Salario) AS SalarioPromedio \nFROM Empleados \nGROUP BY DepartamentoID \nHAVING AVG(Salario) &gt; 60000;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ORDER BY<\/strong>: Define con base a que se ordenan los datos. Por ejemplo: ORDER BY DATE ASC ordenar\u00e1 los resultados respecto a la fecha en orden ascendente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * \nFROM Empleados \nORDER BY Salario DESC;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>OFFSET:<\/strong> Funciona con ORDER BY, establece cuantas filas de la respuesta se debe saltar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * \nFROM Empleados \nORDER BY Salario DESC \nOFFSET 2 ROWS;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FETCH<\/strong>: Establece cuantas filas devuelve despu\u00e9s de usar OFFSET.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * \nFROM Empleados \nORDER BY Salario DESC \nOFFSET 2 ROWS \nFETCH NEXT 3 ROWS ONLY;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CASE<\/strong>: Para sentencias condicionales, se usa con SELECT. Por ejemplo:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT Nombre, Apellido, \n    CASE \n        WHEN Salario &gt; 60000 THEN 'Alta'\n        WHEN Salario BETWEEN 40000 AND 60000 THEN 'Media'\n        ELSE 'Baja'\n    END AS RangoSalario \nFROM Empleados;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LIMIT<\/strong>: As\u00ed, podemos especificar el l\u00edmite de registros que queremos obtener.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * \nFROM Empleados \nLIMIT 5;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ROUND<\/strong>: Al especificar el nombre de columna y un n\u00famero de decimales, redondea los valores de esa columna al n\u00famero de decimales establecido. Por ejemplo, ROUND(salario,2) redondear\u00e1 el salario a dos decimales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT Nombre, Salario, ROUND(Salario, 2) AS SalarioRedondeado \nFROM Empleados;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>JOINS<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>INNER JOIN<\/strong>: Selecciona los registros que coinciden en las dos tablas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LEFT JOIN<\/strong>: Selecciona los registros de la tabla de la izquierda que coinciden con los de la tabla derecha.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RIGHT JOIN:<\/strong> Al contrario que con LEFT JOIN, este selecciona los registros de la tabla de la derecha que coinciden con los de la tabla izquierda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FULL JOIN:<\/strong> Selecciona los registros que tienen alguna coincidencia en alguna de las dos tablas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT E.Nombre, E.Apellido, D.NombreDepartamento \nFROM Empleados E\nINNER JOIN Departamentos D ON E.DepartamentoID = D.DepartamentoID;\n\nSELECT E.Nombre, E.Apellido, D.NombreDepartamento \nFROM Empleados E\nLEFT JOIN Departamentos D ON E.DepartamentoID = D.DepartamentoID;\n\nSELECT E.Nombre, E.Apellido, D.NombreDepartamento \nFROM Empleados E\nRIGHT JOIN Departamentos D ON E.DepartamentoID = D.DepartamentoID;\n\nSELECT E.Nombre, E.Apellido, D.NombreDepartamento \nFROM Empleados E\nFULL JOIN Departamentos D ON E.DepartamentoID = D.DepartamentoID;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>EXISTS:<\/strong> Para comprobar la existencia de un registro en una subconsulta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT Nombre, Apellido \nFROM Empleados E \nWHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM Departamentos D WHERE D.DepartamentoID = E.DepartamentoID);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>GRANT<\/strong>: Para que el administrador pueda dar permisos sobre objetos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON Empleados TO 'usuario';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>REVOKE<\/strong>: Al contrario que GRANT, para quitar permisos sobre objetos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>REVOKE SELECT, INSERT ON Empleados FROM 'usuario';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>WITH<\/strong>: Permite guardar el resultado de una consulta temporalmente utilizando un alias.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>WITH EmpleadosAltos AS (\n    SELECT Nombre, Apellido, Salario \n    FROM Empleados \n    WHERE Salario &gt; 60000\n)\nSELECT * \nFROM EmpleadosAltos;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SAVEPOINT<\/strong>: Recuerda el punto actual como copia de seguridad para poder volver atr\u00e1s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SAVEPOINT MiPunto;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>COMMIT<\/strong>: Para confirmar acciones en la base de datos, una vez hecho COMMIT, se pierden los SAVEPOINT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>COMMIT;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ROLLBACK<\/strong>: Para retroceder sobre acciones que a\u00fan no est\u00e1n volcadas en la base de datos. Puedes hacer ROLLBACK a un COMMIT o ROLLBACK anteriormente definido, o a un SAVEPOINT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ROLLBACK TO MiPunto;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>TRUNCATE<\/strong>: Elimina todos los registros de una tabla, pero mantiene la tabla y la estructura.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>TRUNCATE TABLE Empleados;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UNION<\/strong>: Combina diferentes SELECT y elimina registros duplicados. Por ejemplo esta consulta devuelve las ciudades de los clientes y proveedores, eliminando registros repetidos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT Ciudad FROM Clientes \nUNION \nSELECT Ciudad FROM Proveedores;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UNION ALL<\/strong>: Combina diferentes SELECT y mantiene registros duplicados.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT Ciudad FROM Clientes \nUNION ALL \nSELECT Ciudad FROM Proveedores;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AGGREGATOR SYNC AUTO_INCREMENT<\/strong>: Establece el contador de autoincremento en los agregadores. Por ejemplo, en este ejemplo establece el valor del contador de autoincremento de la tabla <code>Empleados<\/code> a 1000.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ALTER TABLE Empleados AUTO_INCREMENT = 1000;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BACKUP DATABASE:<\/strong> Para crear copias de seguridad de la base de datos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BACKUP DATABASE NombreBaseDatos \nTO DISK = 'C:\\backup\\NombreBaseDatos.bak';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BEGIN<\/strong>: Hace un COMMIT al estado actual y despu\u00e9s comienza una nueva transacci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BEGIN TRANSACTION;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CALL<\/strong>: Ejecuta un procedimiento almacenado, pero no devuelve nada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CALL ActualizarSalarios();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a1Ya est\u00e1!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a1Listo! Ya tienes los conceptos b\u00e1sicos de SQL y conoces los comandos, por lo que ya est\u00e1s listo para empezar a trabajar con SQL. Si quieres aprender m\u00e1s sobre SQL te recomendamos el art\u00edculo de <a href=\"https:\/\/carontestudio.com\/blog\/como-evitar-inyeccion-de-sql-en-php\/\">c\u00f3mo evitar inyecci\u00f3n de SQL en PHP<\/a> \u00a1Cu\u00e9ntanos tu experiencia en comentarios!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En este art\u00edculo te mostraremos el listado completo de comandos SQL y los conceptos b\u00e1sicos para comenzar. \u00bfTe vienes?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":20324,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-programacion-web"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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